血压:先看效果究竟是多少毫米汞柱
甜菜根中的硝酸盐最为扎实,洛神花和亚麻籽紧随其后。但几乎所有食物的效果都落在1至4毫米汞柱之间。
本页不用于诊断或治疗。食物不能替代药物。如正在接受治疗,大幅调整饮食前请先与主治医生商量。
这是什么状况
血压是血液推压动脉壁的力量。高压是心脏收缩时的数值,低压是心脏充盈时的数值。它在一天之中会变化,也随测量姿势和前一刻的活动而变,因此多次测量的平均值比任何单次读数更有意义。长期偏高会逐渐加重血管、心脏和肾脏的负担。
证据走到了哪一步
这个主题的证据面广但不深。有20种食材存在人体结果,而效果大小几乎全是个位数的毫米汞柱。
最扎实的是甜菜根中的硝酸盐。 它在体内经亚硝酸盐转化为一氧化氮,一氧化氮使血管舒张。机制清晰,结果也一致。菠菜走的是同一条路径。
洛神花显示出剂量反应。 效果随剂量而变,说明这不是偶然的关联,在食品研究中是难得的好条件。
亚麻籽在食物里属于幅度较大的。 不过它必须磨碎食用,而且试验用量高于大多数人的日常摄入。
然后就是数字很小。 葡萄让收缩压下降1.48毫米汞柱,红茶下降1.04。统计显著与血压计上看得出变化,是两回事。
不一致的结果也照写。 野樱莓的血压结果与预期不符,开菲尔则对血压和C反应蛋白都毫无影响。西芹的结果来自1.34克种子提取物而非蔬菜本身;豆浆那个−8毫米汞柱所在的论文,自己的总结是「差异微乎其微」。同一年的两项螺旋藻荟萃分析分别报告了−0.42和−3.09。
已核实的证据
以下条目原样取自食材文章,按证据等级从高到低排列;没有效果或方向相反的结果也一并收录。
食物能做到和做不到的
在食物之前,还有更大的杠杆。
单一食物对血压的影响是1到4毫米汞柱。而减少钠、减轻体重、坚持步行,各自报告的幅度都大于此。这些应当排在本页的清单之前。
- 正在服药的人请勿自行减量。 降压药一旦停用,血压回升的幅度很大。
- 甜菜根等高硝酸盐蔬菜与降压药作用方向相同。若出现头晕,请与医生商量。
- 含甘草的茶反而可能升高血压。更换花草茶时请查看成分。
- 西柚会干扰部分降压药的代谢。正在服药请查阅说明书。
- 不要凭一次偏高的读数下判断。在固定时间多次测量家庭血压更为准确。
本页不用于诊断或治疗。
相关营养素
资料来源
本文营养数值与健康相关表述所依据的数据库和卫生机构。
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