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Seafood
Early researchTwo meta-analyses published the same year put diastolic blood pressure at −0.42 mmHg and −3.09 mmHg. One found no effect on lipids; the other reported total cholesterol down 11.5 mg/dL. And USDA lists its vitamin B12 as zero.

Vegetables
Early researchUSDA lists ordinary white mushrooms at 0.2 µg of vitamin D and UV-exposed ones at 26.2 µg. Yet pooling six randomised trials, blood levels did not rise significantly (p = 0.12). They rose only in the three European trials, where people started out low.

Seafood
100 g of raw mussel meat holds 12 µg of vitamin B12 — 500% of the requirement. The arthritis evidence belongs to New Zealand green-lipped mussel extract, not to mussels, and it held only at medium term.

Grains & legumes
Early researchThree years of MK-7 in 244 women slowed bone loss at the lumbar spine and femoral neck — but not at the total hip. One year of natto capsules in 334 women changed nothing anywhere.

Grains & legumes
Early researchRye products produced lower insulin responses than white wheat bread. Yet in the same trial, bread made from rye bran produced a higher insulin response than every other rye product — the opposite of what more fibre is supposed to do.

Fruits
Early researchBromelain tablets after third-molar surgery improved pain and quality-of-life scores. But there was no evidence for swelling or trismus, and what was given was an isolated enzyme, not fruit. Pineapple's own strengths are 47.8 mg of vitamin C and 0.927 mg of manganese.

Tea & drinks
Early researchAfter 14 days, a full 24-hour measurement showed fat oxidation up about 20%. Total energy expenditure was unchanged. The gap between those two sentences is the whole story.

Herbs & spices
Early researchA 1998 trial showing piperine raised curcumin absorption by 2,000 % is cited everywhere. It had ten healthy adult volunteers.

Seafood
Early researchSeaweed's vitamin B12 was long dismissed as an unusable analogue. A 2024 randomised trial found otherwise.

Fruits
Early researchAronia sits at the very top of fruits for anthocyanin content. The problem is that it is too astringent to eat plain.

Vegetables
Early researchThe mucilage is not mucin but a plant glycoprotein mixture. Research on gastric protection is still at an early stage.

Fruits
Early researchFresh jujube beats orange on vitamin C. Dried, most of that is gone and what remains is concentrated sugar.

Vegetables
Early researchUltraviolet light converts the ergosterol in shiitake into vitamin D2. Very few non-animal foods can do this.

Herbs & spices
Early researchPlatycodin increases airway secretion and thins mucus — the same direction in which expectorant drugs work.

Vegetables
Early researchThere is a reason cabbage juice became a folk remedy for stomach trouble. The evidence, though, is weaker than its reputation suggests.

Vegetables
Early researchCooked beats raw here. Heat multiplies how much lycopene your body can actually absorb.

Vegetables
Early researchBroccoli's key compound, sulforaphane, only forms when the vegetable is cut or chewed. One cooking choice changes how much survives.