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Vegetables
Early researchIn a double-blind trial of 45 people in three groups, bifidobacteria rose 1.2 log10 over 21 days. But the short-chain fatty acids that would carry that effect did not change, and flatulence rose significantly.

Vegetables
Early researchIn a single-blind pilot trial, 26 people took dried watercress capsules for 28 days and LDL fell significantly. But there was no consistent effect on other lipids, and the paper states it is exploratory and needs confirmation in larger trials.

Vegetables
Early researchTwo double-blind trials have tested this mushroom. The 2022 one set postprandial glucose as its primary endpoint and it did not move. The 2026 one set LDL cholesterol and it did not move either. What moved in both cases were secondary outcomes.

Vegetables
Early researchIn a 2022 trial, systolic pressure fell from 141 to 130 mmHg, measured by 24-hour ambulatory monitoring — a good method. But what participants took was not celery stalks. It was 1.34 g a day of extract from the seed.

Vegetables
Early researchA 2025 randomised trial in Korean adults found total sleep time up by about 35 minutes. But what was given was two capsules a day of an extract from one specific cultivar, not lettuce leaves. The 15 kcal and 370 µg of vitamin A per 100 g are real.

Vegetables
Early researchUSDA lists ordinary white mushrooms at 0.2 µg of vitamin D and UV-exposed ones at 26.2 µg. Yet pooling six randomised trials, blood levels did not rise significantly (p = 0.12). They rose only in the three European trials, where people started out low.

Vegetables
Early researchThe mucilage is not mucin but a plant glycoprotein mixture. Research on gastric protection is still at an early stage.

Vegetables
Early researchUltraviolet light converts the ergosterol in shiitake into vitamin D2. Very few non-animal foods can do this.

Vegetables
Early researchThere is a reason cabbage juice became a folk remedy for stomach trouble. The evidence, though, is weaker than its reputation suggests.

Vegetables
Early researchCooked beats raw here. Heat multiplies how much lycopene your body can actually absorb.

Vegetables
Early researchBroccoli's key compound, sulforaphane, only forms when the vegetable is cut or chewed. One cooking choice changes how much survives.